Capital punishment go as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C.. Back then you could face the death penalty for 25 different crimes. Death sentences was carried out by such means as crucifixion, drowning, beating to death, burning alive, and impalement.
In Great Britain during the 10 Century A.D., hanging was the new way to execute a person. In the following century it actually became forbidden, except in war times (Great Britain). This did not last very long. Capital punishment came back during the Sixteen Century, as well as some new methods to carry out the punishment. Boiling, burning at the stake, hanging, beheading and quartering was added to the options. Marrying a Jew or treason was enough to receive capital punishment. A bit later in the Seventeen Century cutting down a tree, or robbing a rabbit warren could be enough to get you executed.
Great Britain influenced the United States use of capital punishment. When European settlers came to the new world they brought the practice of capital punishment. The first documented execution in the new colonies was carried out in the Jamestown colony of Virginia in 1608. A man was executed for being a spy from Spain. In 1612 Virginia Governor Sir Thomas Dale provided the death penalty for crimes as stealing grapes, killing chickens and trading with Indians. Laws regarding Capital punishment varied from colony to colony.
The abolitionist movement found it's roots in the writing of European theorists Montesquieu, Voltaire and Bentham. But the most important essay was Cesare Beccaria's essay “On Crimes and Punishment”. The essay theorized that there was no justification for the state's taking of a life. American intellectuals was influenced by this, Thomas Jefferson introduced a bill to revise Virginia's death penalty laws. The bill proposed that capital punishment should only be used for crimes as murder and treason. It was defeated by only one vote. In 1794 Pennsylvania, as the first state repealed the death penalty for all offenses except first degree murder. In 1834 Pennsylvania became the first state to move executions away from the public eye. State penitentiaries was built. In 1846 Michigan became the first state to abolish the death penalty for all crimes except for treason. Later Rhode Island and Wisconsin abolished it for all crimes. Some states followed, but most of them held onto capital punishment.
During the Civil War the opposition to the death penalty waned, as more attention was given to the anti-slavery movement. At the end of the century the electrical chair was introduced. The first chair was built in New York in 1888.
1907 – 1917, six states completely abolished capital punishment, and three limited it to first degree murder of a law enforcement official. Some states took this back when people started to panic about revolution. The US had just entered WW I, and there was an intense class conflict. Socialism posted a big threat.
In 1924 cyanide was introduced, this offered a more humane way to execute inmates. The state tried to pump in gas to an inmates cell, to kill him in his sleep, but this failed. The gas chamber was invented.
During the 1930s there were more executions in the US than during any other decade in US history. In the 50s executions began to drop. Many nations around the world abandoned capital punishment. By 1966 the support for capital punishment in the US was at an all time low.
Sanna
For more info please visit: http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/books-death-penalty
